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ABOUT ME:

 

My full name is Lester Wayne Daniels.... And no, I'm not an entomologist, biologist, or a conservationist (I probably should be!). I'm a full time police officer with a fetish for insects and nature. I've been studying these insects since my childhood where I used to collect and raise them in my mother's garden. Even to this day, my same enthusiasm for them still remains. I enjoy outdoor nature photography as well as contact sports.  I also enjoy the internet, paleontology, action and horror movies, and collecting dinosaur and Japanese Godzilla toys.

 

My hometown is originally Sandusky, Ohio which is located between Toledo and Cleveland and is commonly referred to as "Cedar Point," Ohio. I moved to Fremont in 1998 as a career choice where I now view these unique creatures from my back yard on daily basis!

 

About

the "Mantis"

Mantis ("man-tis") or Mantids ("man-tids") - belong to the Phylum Arthropoda and the Class Insecta (or insects) which are those creatures described as having three body parts (head, thorax, & abdomen), two antennae, and six legs. Mantids belong to the order Mantodea which comprises of over 2400 known species across the globe. Most species are tropical where they range in different shapes, sizes, and colors.

 

Mantids have triangular heads with large compound eyes and sharp mandibles for cutting and chewing.  They have swiveling necks that can turn their heads nearly 180 degrees.  They also have long slender bodies with enlarged forelimbs adapted for capturing prey.  When in a striking stance, they resemble a person in prayer, hence the common alias "Praying Mantis" which is generally referred to for most species.

 

Of the known species in North America, 2 introduced species have become widespread and the most popular.  The European Mantis (Mantis religiosa) and the one featured on this website, the Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis - formerly known as "Tenodera aridifolia sinensis"). 

 

The Chinese Mantis was accidentally introduced into the United States around the year 1896 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and is now used as a biological control agent.  Their effectiveness remains in question since they have cannibalistic habits, eat pest species, and beneficial ones too.  This species lives in temperate climates and originated from China and other nearby Asian regions, hence its name.

 

The Chinese Mantis is the largest species of mantis in the United States, growing up to a length of 5 inches.  People intentionally breed them as pets and sell their egg nests which helps disperse their populations into numerous colonies across the Eastern and Central United States.

 

The term "mantis" originated from the Greek language meaning “prophet” or “seer,” where they were regarded to be god-like creatures with supernatural powers. 

 

In France, it's believed that if you are lost, a mantis will point you the way back home.

 

The "praying mantis" is also deemed by the African Bushman as a divine messenger and the oldest manifestation of God come to Earth: “The voice of the infinite in the small.” 

 

In China, two forms of martial arts were created based upon the posture and movements of these animals. 

 

Do you also like cicadas?  If so, then click the banner link below and visit my other website, the...

"GREAT LAKES CICADA PAGE!"

References Cited:

 

Corrette, Brian J. (1990). Prey capture in the praying mantis Tenodera aridifolia sinensis: coordination of the capture sequence and strike movements. Journal of Experimental Biology 148: 147–180.

 

Duss, K.; Hurd, L E (1997). Food limitation reduces body length in mantid nymphs, Tenodera sinensis Saussure (Mantodea: Mantidae): Implications for fitness. Washington, etc. :Entomological Society of Washington 99: 490–493.

 

Eisenberg, R. M.; Hurd, L. E. (1977) An Ecological Study of the Emergence Characteristics for Egg Cases of the Chinese Mantis (Tenodera ardifolia sinensis Saussure).  The American Midland Naturalist 97(2):478-82.

 

Eisenberg, R. M., L. E. Hurd, and J. A. Bartley. (1981). Ecological consequences of food limitation for adult mantids (Tenodera aridifolia sinensis Saussure). American Midland Naturalist 106:209-218.

 

Eisenberg, R. M.; Hurd, L. E. (1989) Temporal distribution of hatching times in three sympatric mantids (Mantodea: Mantidae) with implications for niche separation and coexistence.  Proceedings- Entomological Society of Washington 91 :55-58.

 

Eisenberg, R. M.; Hurd, L. E. (1990) Egg dispersion in two species of praying mantids (Mantodea: Mantidae) Proceedings- Entomological Society of Washington 92:808-810. 

 

Eisenberg, R. M.; Hurd, L. E.; Fagan, W. F.; Tilmon,; K. J.; Snyder, W. E.; Vandersall, K.S.; Datz, S. G.; Welch, J. D. (1992) Adult Dispersal of Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Mantodea: Mantidae).Environmental Entomology 21(2):350-353.

 

Eisenberg, R. M., E. Pilchik, L. L. Bedwell, S. Winram, M. Rodgers, S. McFalls, C. T. Kessler, M. Gross, A. Walter, E. Wadman, K. M. Dougherty, W. Smith, C. L. Berman, and L. E. Hurd. (1992). Comparative egg ecology of two sympatric mantids (Mantodea:Mantidae). Proceedings Entomological Society Washington 94:366-370.

 

Eisenberg, R. M.; Hurd, L. E.(1993) Relative egg success and implications for distribution of three sympatric mantids (Mantodea: Mantidae).  Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 95: 271-277.

 

Fagan, W. F.; Hurd, L E.; (1991) Late season food level, cannibalism, and oviposition in adult mantids (Orthoptera: Mantidae) : sources of variability in a field experiment.  Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 93: 956-961.

 

Fagan, W. F.; Hurd, L E.; (1991) Direct and indirect effects of generalist predators on a terrestrial arthropod community. The American Midland Naturalist 126: 380-384.

 

Fagan, W. F.; Hurd, L E.; (1994) Hatch Density Variation of a Generalist Arthropod Predator: Population Consequences and Community Impact.  Ecology Vol. 75: 2022-2032.

 

Fagan, W. F., M. D. Moran, J. J. Rango, and L. E. Hurd. (2002). Community effects of praying mantids: a meta-analysis of the influences of species identity and experimental design. Ecological Entomology 27: 385-395.

 

Hess, L. (1971) The Praying Mantis, Insect Cannibal. Scribner Publishing Co; 47 pp.

 

Huntington, H.E.; (1957) Praying Mantis. Doubleday Publishing Co. 44 pp.

 

Hurd, L.E;.Eisenberg, R. M.; (1984a) Experimental Density Manipulations of the Predator Tenodera sinensis (Orthoptera: Mantidae) in an Old-Field Community. I. Mortality, Development and Dispersal of Juvenile Mantids. Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 53: 269-281.

 

Hurd, L.E;.Eisenberg, R. M.; (1984b) Experimental Density Manipulations of the Predator Tenodera sinensis (Orthoptera: Mantidae) in an Old-Field Community. I. Mortality, Development and Dispersal of Juvenile Mantids. Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 53: 955-967.

 

Hurd, L. E. and R. H. Rathet. (1986). Functional response and success in juvenile mantids. Ecology 67:163-167.

 

Hurd, L. E. (1988). Consequences of divergent egg phenology to predation and coexistence in two sympatric, congeneric mantids (Orthoptera: Mantidae). Oecologia 76:547-550.

 

Hurd, L.E;.Eisenberg, R. M.; (1989) A midsummer comparison of sizes and growth rates of three sympatric mantids (Mantodea: Mantidae) in two old-field habitats. Proc. Ent, Soc. Wash. 91: 51-54.

 

Hurd, L. E., P. E. Marinari, and R. M. Eisenberg. (1989). The influence of temperature and photoperiod on early developmental rate of Tenodera sinensis Saussure (Mantodea: Mantidae). Proceedings Entomological Society Washington 91:529-533.

 

Hurd, L. E., (1989) The importance of late season flowers to the fitness of an insect predator, Tenodera sinensis Saussure (Orthoptera: Mantidae) in an old field community.  Entomologist 108(4): 223-228.

 

Hurd, L E.; Marinari, P. E.; (1989) Eisenberg, R M.; Influence of temperature and photoperiod on early developmental rate of Tenodera sinensis Saussure (Mantodea: Mantidae).  Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 91:529-533.

 

Hurd, L.E;.Eisenberg, R. M.; (1990) Experimentally Synchronized Phenology and. Interspecific Competition in Mantids. The American Midland Naturalist 124: 390-394.

 

Hurd, L E. (1991) Growth efficiency in juvenile mantids : absence of selection for optimization in a food-limited environment (Orthoptera : mantidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 93: 748-750.

 

Hurd, L. E.; Eisenberg, R. M.; Fagan, W. F.; Tilmon, K. J.; Snyder, W. E.; Vandersall, K. S.; Datz, S. G.; Welch, J. D. (1994). "Cannibalism reverses male-biased sex ratio in adult mantids: female strategy against food limitation?" Oikos 69 (2): 193–198.

 

Hurd, L. E.; Moran, M.; (1994) Environmentally Determined Male-Biased Sex Ratio in a Praying Mantid. American Midland Naturalist 132(1):205.

 

Hurd, L. E., Eisenberg, M. D. Moran, T. P. Rooney, W. J. Gangloff, and V. M. Case. (1995). Time, temperature and food as determinants of population persistence in a temperate univoltine insect. Environmental Entomology 24:348-353.

 

Hurd, L. E. Prete, F.R. Wells, H. Wells,P. H. Hurd P. Lawrence E.; (1999) Ecology of Praying Mantids.  The Praying Mantids. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 43–49.

 

Hurd, L. E. F. R. Prete, H. Wells, P. H. Wells, and L. E. Hurd., (1999). Mantids in ecological research. Chapt. 16 in The praying mantids. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, pp. 318-321.

 

Hurd, L. E.; Mallis, R. E.; Bulka, K. C. and Jones A. M.; (2004) Life History, Environment, and Deme Extinction in the Chinese Mantid Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Mantodea: Mantidae). Environmental Entomology, 33(2):182-187.

 

Lavies, B.; (1995) Backyard Hunter: The Praying Mantis.  Puffin Books. 32 pp.

 

Liske, E.; Davis, W. J. (1984). Sexual behaviour of the Chinese praying mantis. Animal Behaviour 32 (3): 916–918.

 

Liske, E.; Davis, W. J. (1987). Courtship and mating behaviour of the Chinese praying mantis, Tenodera aridifolia sinenesis. Animal Behaviour 35: 1524–1537.

 

Maxwell, Michael R. (1998). Lifetime mating opportunities and male mating behavior in sexually cannibalistic praying mantids. Animal Behaviour 55 (4): 1011–1028.

 

Maxwell, Michael R. (1999). Mating Behaviour. Prete, F. R.; Wells, H. Wells, P. H.; Hurd, L. E. The Praying Mantids. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 70.

 

Moran, M. D., T. P. Rooney, and L. E. Hurd. (1996). Top-down cascade from a bitrophic predator in an old-field community. Ecology 77:2219-2227.

 

Moran, M. D. and L. E. Hurd. (1997). Relieving food limitation reduces survivorship of a generalist predator. Ecology 78:1266-1270.

 

Moran, M. D. and L. E. Hurd. (1998). Trophic cascade from a generalist predator in a complex terrestrial community. Oecologia 113:126-132.

 

Prete, F. R.; Wolfe, M. M.;(1992) Religious supplicant, seductive cannibal, or reflex machine? In search of the praying mantis. Journal of the History of Biology 25 (1): 91-136.

 

Prete, F. R.; Wells, H.; Wells, P. H.; Hurd, L.E.; (1999) The Praying Mantids. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 400 pp.

 

Rathet, I. H., and L. E. Hurd. (1983). Ecological relationships of three co-occurring mantids, Tenodera sinensis (Saussure), T. angustipennis (Saussure), and Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus). American Midland Naturalist 110:240-248.

 

Rooney, T. P., A. T. Smith, and L. E. Hurd. (1996). Global warming and the regional persistence of a temperate-zone insect (Tenodera sinensis). American Midland Naturalist 136:84-93.

 

Snyder, W. E. and L. E. Hurd. (1995). Egg-hatch phenology and intraguild predation between two mantid species. Oecologia 104:496-500.

 

Stefoff R.; (1996) Praying Mantis (Living Things). Cavendish Square Publishing. 32 pp.

 

 

 

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